Subject: Re: [BoundaryPoint] brownlie on african tripoints grand finale
Date: Dec 13, 2000 @ 21:05
Author: Jesper & Nicolette Nielsen ("Jesper & Nicolette Nielsen" <jesniel@...>)
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All African tripoints have now been added to http://www.image.dk/~jesniel/border/african_tripoints.htm

If you have comments or additions, they are offcourse welcome, so the collection can be more complete.

Should we move on to the rest of the 3points?

Jesper
----- Original Message -----
From: "michael donner" <m@...>
To: <boundarypoint@egroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, December 13, 2000 7:36 PM
Subject: [BoundaryPoint] brownlie on african tripoints grand finale


> to complete the set of 59 african tripoints
> the 36 additions to the 23 individually posted between messages 970 & 1023
> & assembled thanx again to jesper at
> http://www.image.dk/~jesniel/border/african_tripoints.htm
> are as follows
>
> enjoy
> m
>
>
> cameroon central african republic chad
>
> tripoint is either on the thalweg of the mbere river or its median line
> just downstream from the village of mbere in central african republic
> at approx
> n lat 7d 31m 40s
> e long 15d 29m 40s
> but this is based on map evidence only
> since none of the 3 convergent boundaries was demarcated as of 1979
>
>
> cameroon central african republic congo
>
> tripoint is located in the river sangha presumably at the thalweg
> just upstream from the village of bomassa congo
> possibly involving a flood zone &or other local complication
> based on an inconsistent french colonial administrative trijunction
> at approx
> n lat 2d 13m 20s
> e long 16d 11m 30s
> but this is also based on map evidence only
> since none of the 3 convergent boundaries was demarcated here either
>
>
> cameroon chad nigeria
>
> tripoint requires more precise determination
> but has been fixed in southwestern lake chad since 1931 anglo french exchange
> at n lat 13d 05m without qualification
> yet for some reason only approximately at e long 14d 05m
> possibly indicating a clerical oversight
>
>
> cameroon congo gabon
>
> tripoint is located in the intersection of the river ayina
> with north latitude 2d 10m 20s
> in very roughly e long 13d 15m
> at the western terminus of the demarcated cameroun congo boundary
> the state of whose markers however was unknown
>
>
> cameroon equatorial guinea gabon
>
> tripoint is located at
> n lat 2d 10m 20s &
> e long 11d 20m
> where the demarcated cameroon equatorial guinea boundary meets the
> demarcated equatorial guinea gabon boundary
> at or near the confluence of the rivers kye & mvezeu on the cameroon gabon
> boundary
>
>
> central african republic chad sudan
>
> tripoint was a matter of some uncertainty
> owing to an imprecise description in a 1909 french administrative decree
> but french official maps placed it
> 1km east of the mare de tizi
> at the point where a small westward flowing stream crosses the undemarcated
> boundary between the former anglo egyptian sudan & french equatorial africa
> or at approx n lat 10d 57m & e long 22d 52m 30s
> & maps by brownlie show this watercourse may be named aouk or nzili
> or the pool of nzili
>
>
> central african republic congo congo democratic republic
>
> based on french administrative division
> tripoint is presumptively on thalweg of ubangi river
> &
> based on maps by brownlie
> also specifically at its confluence with the gouga river
> just above the village of mboulou congo
> & very roughly at
> n lat 3d 30m
> e long 18d 45m
>
>
> central african republic congo democratic republic sudan
>
> a candidate for global maxipoint
> this tripoint is indicated by a huge heap of stones
> on the ill defined congo nile watershed
> but actually on a flat & featureless plain at
> n lat 5d 01m 10s
> e long 27d 26m 37s
> where their 3 otherwise undemarcated boundaries meet
> http://www.angelfire.com/md2/polystate3/index3.html
>
>
> chad libya niger
>
> this unmarked tripoint is located near
> or perhaps precisely at integral geocoordinates
> n lat 23 & e long 15
> possibly in shifting dunes or pebbles
> so orthodox demarcation might have been futile anyway
> with all 3 convergent boundaries well marked on maps
> & reasonably clear in practice
>
>
> chad libya sudan
>
> tripoint fixed by colonial convention at
> n lat 19d 30m &
> e long 24
> is indicated by a heap of stones
> at junction of 3 otherwise undemarcated boundaries
>
>
> chad niger nigeria
>
> tripoint is in northern lake chad
> at n lat either 13d 42m 29s or approx 13d 42m 53s &
> e long approx either 13d 38m or 13d 38m 20s
> depending in both cases upon which page you believe
> with the former latitude having been fixed by reference to the location of
> an iron telegraph pole on a cemented base situated on the right side of the
> mouth of the changeable river komadugu yobe about 1km south of the center
> of the village of bosso niger
> & the latter latitude arising from an unclear reference either to the
> thalweg end or else to beacon number 148 located in the bush on the left
> bank of the river either at its mouth or 30km upstream
> & the longitude having been fixed 35km east of the center of bosso
> but the net effect of all this cumulative uncertainty is that the tripoint
> might fall anywhere within an area of several dozen hectares
>
>
> congo democratic republic rwanda uganda
>
> tripoint is the highest summit of mt sabinio or ssabinjo
> at very roughly
> s lat 1d 20m &
> e long 29d 40m
>
>
> congo democratic republic sudan uganda
>
> unmarked tripoint at approx
> n lat 3d 27m 40s &
> e long 30d 50m 30s
> was located imprecisely in 1914 british colonial order
> & is described in the uganda constitution of 1967 as
> a point about 300m south of the source of the river kaia
>
>
> congo democratic republic tanzania zambia
>
> indeterminate tripoint probably on the median line of lake tanganyika
> northeast of an unknown cape at the north end of cameron bay
> probably erroneously named cape akalunga
> where it is met by an indeterminate congo democratic republic & zambia
> boundary proceeding straight from the north end of lake mweru
> or in other words at about
> s lat 8d 13m or 8d 15m &
> e long 30d 40m very roughly
> a position actually in between capes kipimbi & pungu
>
>
> djibouti eritrea ethiopia
>
> tripoint is evidently at or near primary monument 92 of the 1954 djibouti
> ethiopia demarcation
> at n lat 12d 31m 31s552 &
> e long 42d 27m 42s340
> but the identification is not explicitly made by brownlie
>
>
> djibouti ethiopia somalia
>
> tripoint is at primary monument or pillar number 1 aka madaha djallelo
> of 1953 franco ethiopian commission
> in very roughly
> n lat 11d &
> e long 43d 57m
>
>
> egypt libya sudan
>
> tripoint was fixed by 1925 italo egyptian treaty at
> n lat 22 & e long 25 tho a typo by brownlie says 24e
> & it is shown by his maps perhaps 5km nw of jebel uweinat
> but it was evidently still unmarked in 1979
> despite some demarcation nearby of the libya sudan boundary
>
>
> eritrea ethiopia sudan
>
> later than brownlie & hence not mentioned as such by him
> but it can be deduced that this tripoint falls where the river setit
> crosses the established ethiopia sudan boundary
> opposite the mouth of the khor royan
> & just northeast of the village of umbrega sudan
> at very roughly
> n lat 14d 15m &
> e long 36d 25m
> based on his maps
> or possibly e long 36d 37m according to a 1901 anglo italian agreement
> while notes of a 1903 eritrea sudan commission also indicate that the
> boundary started from a point marked by an iron post on the right bank of
> the setit immediately opposite the mouth of the khor royan
> despite the fact that the royan actually enters from the right bank
>
>
> ethiopia kenya somalia
>
> tripoint is on the thalweg of the daua river
> according to one description
> about 450m upstream from malca rie
> & according to another
> opposite pillar 1 of the kenya somalia boundary
> which stands on the right bank
> about 650m nw of the police post on the mandera dolo gedo road
> at n lat 3d 58m 57s92 &
> e long 41d 54m 36s43
>
>
> ethiopia kenya sudan
>
> the precise location of the tripoint remains to be determined
> but it is probably at or near a rectangular pyramid called pillar d23
> marking the terminus of the ethiopia kenya boundary survey
> & situated on the shore of the former sanderson gulf of nw lake rudolf
> about 200m south of the southeastern end of a rocky ridge called okolon
> &or depending on texts
> due east of the northernmost point of the northernmost crest of the long
> spur running north from mt lubur
> & just northeast of the village of namuruputh kenya
> at very roughly
> n lat 4d 30m &
> e long 35d 55m
>
>
> guinea guinea bissau senegal
>
> tripoint is marked by pillar 58 of the guinea guinea bissau survey
> standing at approx
> w long 13d 42m 30s &
> n lat 12d 40m 30s
> tho the convergent senegal boundary with guinea bissau was previously fixed
> by convention at n lat 12d 40m
>
>
> guinea ivory coast liberia
>
> tripoint is not precisely fixed
> but is located somewhere on mt nuon in the nimba mts
> evidently at or near the source of the river nuon
> & just northeast of the village of nimba liberia
> at very roughly
> n lat 7d 35m &
> w long 8d 25m
>
>
> guinea ivory coast mali
>
> the tripoint has not been fixed on the ground
> but is located on various maps
> at approx
> n lat 10d 24m &
> w long 7d 42m
>
>
> guinea liberia sierra leone
>
> on the left or south bank of the river makona or moa
> at the junction of the dundugbia stream bed median line
> witnessed or actually marked by cairn or pillar 1 of the 1911 anglo
> liberian survey
> which stands in the center of the dundugbia 3 meters from confluence
> if not also by a broad arrow marking on a tree in sierra leone 6m to the west
> & by a star marking on a tree in liberia 10m to the east
> at very roughly
> n lat 8d 30m &
> w long 10d 20m
>
>
> guinea mali senegal
>
> unmarked tripoint is on the balin ko or upper faleme river
> whether on the median line or thalweg or right bank is unclear
> & along the crest of the konkoniouma mts
> at very roughly
> n lat 12d 25m &
> w long 11d 20m
>
>
> kenya sudan uganda
>
> undemarcated tripoint described simply as
> north of mt zulia
> or approx 31 & a half miles on a bearing of 44d 45m from triangulation
> point 9y1 on the summit of jebel urongo
> or again as
> the southernmost point at the bottom of jebel harogo
> at very roughly
> n lat 4d 15m &
> e long 34d
>
>
> kenya tanzania uganda
>
> tripoint is in lake victoria
> at s lat 1d &
> approx e long 33d 56m
>
>
> malawi mozambique tanzania
>
> disputed tripoint is either at the median line of the mouth of the txuinde
> river
> on the east shore of lake nyasa
> in about e long 34d 55m
> or at the median line of lake nyasa due west of the txuinde median line
> in about e long 34d 40m
> but in either case at s lat 11d 34m 30s
>
>
> malawi mozambique zambia
>
> marked but still provisional tripoint is apparently
> either beacon 1 of the 1899 anglo portuguese survey
> precise geoposition unknown
> probably on the peak chorasanu
> & definitely along the crest of the zambezi nyasa watershed
> aka the dzalanyama range
> or else it is a cement masonry pillar named beacon 38 of the 1904 anglo
> portuguese survey
> situated just southeast of the former beacon
> at precisely s lat 14
> yet only approx e long 33d 14m 32s
> but this is a very complex & difficult tripoint to pin down
> with brownlie offering 97 pages on the malawi mozambique boundary alone
> & including several mutually conflicting data about the tripoint itself
>
>
> malawi tanzania zambia
>
> tripoint marked by pillar 2 of the 1898 demarcation
> at nankungulu hill evidently on the nyasa zambezi watershed
> or s lat 9d 22m &
> e long 33
> but possibly replaced or rebuilt in 1935
> & there is an unexplained reference also to a certain pillar 582
>
>
> mali mauritania senegal
>
> tripoint lies evidently at or near confluence of rivers senegal & faleme
> probably on north bank of senegal
> but possibly on its thalweg or median line
> at very roughly
> n lat 14d 45m &
> w long 12d 15m
>
>
> mozambique south africa swaziland north
>
> mpundweni or mponduine beacon
> aka pillar 1 or i
> on crest of lebombo mts
> at very roughly
> s lat 25d 58m &
> e long 31d 58m
>
>
> mozambique south africa swaziland south
>
> the tripoint is on the crest of the lebombo mts
> in very roughly
> s lat 26d 50m &
> e long 32d
> probably on the median line or thalweg of the great usutu aka maputo river
> but the exact relationship of the tripoint to the river is uncertain
>
>
> mozambique south africa zimbabwe
>
> this tripoint is hard to determine with confidence
> but it may lie at the junction of the fafuri & limpopo rivers
> near beacon xiv of a 1927 portuguese south african survey
> standing 200 meters from the bank & 321 meters from the confluence
> in rather thick scrub & reeds on sandy ground
> which however is under water when the rivers are in flood
> or else the tripoint lies at the junction of the limpopo thalweg & the
> prolongation of a final straight line sector of the mozambique zimbabwe
> boundary marked nearby by pillar 1
> according to a later anglo portuguese treaty & survey
> if indeed these 2 descriptions are not merely different ways of defining
> the same point
> all together in any case situated at very roughly
> s lat 22d 20m &
> e long 31d 20m
>
>
> mozambique zambia zimbabwe
>
> tripoint is the thalweg junction of the zambezi & loangwa
> at very roughly s lat 15d 35m &
> approx e long 30d 25m 30s
>
>
> rwanda tanzania uganda
>
> tripoint is the thalweg junction of the kagera & kakitumba
> at very roughly
> s lat 1d 05m &
> e long 30d 20m
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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