Subject: Island enclaves in Rivers<br/>
Date: Feb 25, 2003 @ 18:49<br/>
Author: L. A. Nadybal &lt;lnadybal@comcast.net&gt; (&quot;L. A. Nadybal &lt;lnadybal@...&gt;&quot; &lt;lnadybal@...&gt;)<br/>
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<div id="ygrps-yiv-1849701782">The recent postings re: Argentina-Uruguay maritime/island enclaves<br/>
prompts me to &quot;go publ;ic&quot; about other areas like this I know exist,<br/>
but haven&#39;t had time to pursue.  If &#39;yall want to look for more<br/>
exclaves like this, look here:<br/>
<br/>
    a.  Argentina-Brazil.  Treaty of 6 Oct 1898, Article 4.  &quot;Islands<br/>
of the Uruguay and Iguassu shall belong to the country indicated by<br/>
the thalweg of each river&quot;.  Boundary commissioners were empowered to<br/>
 &quot;propose such exchanges as they may consider advisable in the<br/>
interests of both countries.&quot;  At the end of the demarcation process a<br/>
declaration dated 4 Oct 1910 assigned 53 islands or groups of small<br/>
islands in the Uruguay river, 29 to Argentina and 24 to Brazil.  On<br/>
the Iguazu, below the confluence of the San Antonio river, Argentina<br/>
got 3 islands and Brazil got two.  There may or may not be enclaves here.<br/>
<br/>
    b.  France - Netherlands,  Treaty of Sep 30, 1910 (re: Fr. & Dutch<br/>
Guiana) Itani river boundary islands<br/>
<br/>
    c.  GB & Portugal Agmt Nov 30, 1911 re:  Ruo & Shire River<br/>
boundary islands (not certain where these are).<br/>
<br/>
    d.  GB & Brazil, 1932, no treaty, just diplomatic notes.<br/>
<br/>
    e.  USSR - Poland treaty of Feb 15, 1961 (UN Treaty Series Vol<br/>
420, P161).<br/>
<br/>
Items b,c and d all contain weird provisions that allow for boundaries<br/>
to follow river courses, and then provide for changes and/or keeping<br/>
of sovereignty over island in the rivers that end up on the &quot;other&quot;<br/>
side when the main channel changes.  There may be exclaves that were<br/>
created since the treaties were put into place.<br/>
<br/>
Item e. was pointed out to me as possible item of interest, but I&#39;ve<br/>
not yet been able to look at it at all.<br/>
<br/>
There is a treaty between Belgium and the Netherlands that provides,<br/>
when a river changes course and an island of one state ends up on the<br/>
other states&#39; portion, that the losing state has four years to<br/>
redirect the water at its expense back to the original path in order<br/>
to not lose sovereignty over such islands.  That would mean that<br/>
exclaves could exist for up to four years at a time.  I&#39;m still trying<br/>
to locate what treaty was being referred to.<br/>
<br/>
Regards<br/>
<br/>
Len Nadybal</div>