Mike,

Here's a reprint of Jack's word attachment:

The Phantom Quad-point at Arkansas Kansas Missouri Oklahoma

With reference to Michael's comments in BoundaryPoint message #8238
as copied below:

there must have been a great many such ghost tripoints that never
became tristate points &or changed their names or compositions in the
process
my favorite is the original armook point
which according to fig 28 in bus&ss
was actually a sort of arksmook quadriterritorial point
for lack of a more recognizably contemporary name

I can't find an explanation for Fig. 28 in bus&ss
labeled, "Historical diagram of Arkansas," which shows an apparent
arksmook quad-point. In my opinion Fig. 28 should have been
labeled, "Unhistorical diagram of Arkansas."

In the early days all of the boundaries were established by acts
of Congress and probably drawn on a map in Washington. If we consider
the sequence of events, I think it becomes apparent that the southern
boundary of Kansas was never at 36d 30' N.

In 1812, the Territory of Louisiana was renamed Territory of
Missouri and included all of the original Louisiana Purchase except
the State of Louisiana.

Missouri was declared a State in 1821 with the major part of the
south boundary at 36d 30'N and the west boundary at approx. 94d 37'W.

Arkansaw Territory was formed in 1819 from part of Missouri
Territory with the north boundary at 36d 30'N. Later the spelling,
but not the pronunciation, was changed to Arkansas and it became a
State in 1836.

Kansas Territory was organized in 1854 from a part of Missouri
Territory with its southern boundary beginning at a point on the
western boundary of the State of Missouri where the 37th parallel of
north latitude crosses the same. Kansas was admitted to the Union in
1861 with its present boundaries.

Oklahoma Territory was organized in 1890 from the western part
of the Indian Territory. The boundaries of Oklahoma + Indian
Territories were for the most part set by the already established
boundaries of the States of Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri and
Texas. The western boundary of the Public Land Strip was set at the
Cimarron meridian. The rights of the Indians were extinguished in
1891 and the two territories combined and admitted to the Union in
1907 as the State of Oklahoma.

In Albert White's book, "Initial Points of the Rectangular
Survey System", it states that Congress authorized the survey of the
southern boundary of Kansas from the State of Missouri to the
Territory of New Mexico at the 103rd meridian by act of July 8,
1856. By this time Missouri and Arkansas were already States with
established boundaries. The act of 1856 was implemented in 1857 when
the southern boundary of Kansas Territory was surveyed on the 37th
parallel by a party under the command of Lt. Col.
Joseph E. Johnston of the U. S. Army. John H. Clark was the
astronomer and he measured west along the 37th parallel 462.71 miles
and set a monument calculated to be on 103d 00'W. longitude. This
became known as the "Johnston Monument." This was the first field
survey along the 37th parallel from Missouri.

See BoundaryPoint message #7929 for more details on this and
subsequent surveys which ultimately established the junction of the
37th parallel and 103rd meridian.

So, since Kansas as a Territory or State never touched 36d 30', the
map shown in figure 28 of bus&ss must be in error and in my opinion
there never was a quad-point.

Jack Parsell, Dec. 8, 2002