I have discovered the treaty defining Campione's boundary. The Treaty of
Varese of 2 Aug 1752 left it out completely, although Campione had been part
of the Abbey of St Ambrose in Milan since about 780.
It lost this feudal status at Napoleon's treaty of Campo Formio 2 Feb 1797.
On 5 Oct 1861, Italy and Switz signed tretya at Lugano, finalising disputed
sections of theLombardy-Ticino boundary. This supplemented the Varese
treaty, not replacing it. But the delimitation of Campione was an appendix
to the treaty, because Varese had left it out entirely.
The 1861 treaty in English, is in Parry "Consolidated Tretay Seires" v124
p382-95. An italian version precedes the English one.
IN English, Campione is delimited by "Question XI" on pp392-4. The boundary
is given as straight lines connecting landmark points, (ie pillars or
numbers carved into rocvks) and the distaces between points are given to the
nearest metre, and in some cases 10cm.
Eg "At 78m50 in a straight line from No.4"
The boundary markers are numbered 0 fomr the nortehrn lake shore to 17 on
the shouthern shore. The 1861 treaty only gives 1 to 14, with 2 bands after
14. 0 and 17 were added later (date unknown) and are connected by straight
lines to similar No.0 and No.17 on the swiss side of the lake. Campione's
waters extend out to half way across this line.
Until 1861, Campione also owned San Martino on the opposite shore.

Can anyone knowing where i can get a copty of the later agreement embedding
points 0, 15,16 and 17, please contact me!!! Dallan's photo suggests 1965,
but the UN treaty series has no treaty that i have found covering the
Italo-Swiss boundary in this area.

Here is the treaty:

Convention between Italy and Switzerland for the Settlement of the disputed
Frontier
between Lombardy and the Canton of Ticino, signed at Lugano, 5 October 1861.

Ratifications exchanged at Turin, 11 April 1862

[Preamble and Questions I to X omitted]

Question XI
Boundaries, not specified in the Treaty of Varese, between the Commune
of Campione and the adjacent Swiss territory. Annexed plans VI and VII red.
The boundaries between the territory of the Commune of Campione which is
surrounded on all sides by Swiss Communes, have been adopted as shown by the
following description, which will at the same time denote the frontier line
between the two States for the corresponding length.
The little rivulet called la Valle del Molino di Caprino, forms the
extreme boundary to the east between the territory of Campione and the Swiss
Commune of Castagnola, and that for the distance of 65 metres from the
mouth, ascending towards the mountain. For that distance the bed of the
stream is wholly in Italian territory, and the exact boundary is constituted
by the right bank of the said rivulet. At the aforesaid distance of 65
metres on the right of the rivulet, ascending, is the landmark No.1.
From No. 1 in a straight line for 60 metres to a rock which rises by
itself above the continuous ridge, and is called the Mitre of St. Ambrose.
ON this rock is cut the No. 2. The adjacent Swiss territory from No. 1 to
No. 2, as well as subsequently up to the last Bno. (14) is always that of
the Commune of Arogno.
From No. 2 following the ridge of the mountain along the rocks called
del Cane, and almost in a straight line for the length of 702 metres, one
comes to the landmark No. 3, which is of granite fixed in the place called
Pian Boffino or Piano di Pugierna.
At 75 metres 50 form this boundary and in a straight line is found the
granite landmark No. 4, set up on the road which leads to the plain Boffino
and Pugierna.
At 78 metres 60, in a straight line from No. 4, in the vicinity of the
valley under St. Evasio, is found the granite landmark No. 5.
At 143 metres in a direct line from No. 5 to the boundary of the
property of the parochial prebend of Arogno, is found the old granite
landmark bearing the No. 6.
At 154 metres form the above mentioned landmark No. 6, and following
always the boundary line of the property of the parochial prebend of Arogno,
is found the new granite landmark with the No. 7.
At 179 metres from the said No. 7, and still following the boundary of
the said property belonging to the prebend of Arogno, there is another new
landmark placed in the valley of the Ghiarone, and marked No. 8.
At 56 metres from that landmark there is another new one placed at the
side of the wood called Cugnoli, in a direct line from the above mentioned
one; it has the No. 9 cut upon it.
At 216 metres 50, in a direct line from No. 9, there is a large isolated
mass which is called the rock of Conar�, upon which is cut the No. 10.
At 78 metres 60, in a direct line from the aforesaid, is another granite
landmark on which is cut the No. 11.
At 238 metres, in a direct line from the aforesaid, there is another
landmark with the No. 12 cut thereon.
At 223 metres in a direct line from No. 12 there is another new granite
landmark with the No. 13 cut thereon.
At 243 metres, in a direct line from the aforesaid, there is another new
landmark with the No. 14 cut thereon.
Continuing the line traced between the Nos. 13 and 14, in the same
direction for 7 metres further, it reaches the valley called Valle della
Punta, and this marks the last boundary with the Commune of Arogno, and
begins that with the territory of the Swiss Commune of Bissone.
From this point the valley itself marks the boundary up to where it
meets the new cart-road between Campione and Bissone, at the place where
there is a small chapel; the distance being 610 metres measured along the
winding of the valley.

[DALLEN: I BELIVE THIS IS WHERE YOUR PHOT OF NUMBER 15 IS LOCATED]

At the point where the aforesaid road is reached the boundary follows
the ridge towards the lake thereof for the distance of 92 metres, running
from south to north, thence it turns at a right angle to the west, and
following the low pasture ground belonging to the church of the Madonna dei
Guirli, it arrives at the lake after traversing a length of 63 metres.
All the new landmarks have the letters C.I. cut in them upon one side,
which signify Campione Italia, and A.S. on the other, which signify Arogno
Svizzera.
They are fixed with their respective evidences, and so that the initial
letters face the Italian and Swiss territory respectively.
The coast of S. Martino hitherto possessed by the Commune of Campione as
part of its territory and by private right, on the opposite western shore of
the Lake of Lugano, is now ceded to the Swiss Confederation, and with it the
jurisdiction over the moiety of the intervening lake, on the same conditions
as in general hold good where the two shores of the lake are respectively
Italian and Swiss property.
At the same time it is declared that this fact of cession of the coast
of S. Martino to Switzerland shall never be appealed to of itself to
overburden the present Custom-House relations between the Commune of
Campione and Switzerland.
The frontier having thus been definitively established, and the fixing
of the new landmarks arranged, the Commission again repaired to the
localities, to examine and verify the work; and it was found that all had
been properly done.

The Commissioners of the two States having thus completed the work of
delimitation, which it was their business to do, have subscribed the present
Convention, which is to be of no force or validity until it shall have been
ratified by the Supreme Powers of the Contracting States.
To this Convention are attached the following annexes:
No. 1, the text of the Treaty of Varese, with the specifications which
complete it;
No. 2, a synoptical table and 16 plans of details illustrating the said
Treaty;
No. 3, 7 plans in detail showing some of the most important places in
dispute on a large scale, with the respective decisions traced thereon;
No. 4, 10 reports on the discussions and the operations in the country,
occasioned by the various questions resolved by the Commission.

Done in duplicate originals at Lugano, on the 5th day of October, 1861.

Italian Commissioners: Luigi Torelli, E. De-Vecchi, Paolo Turconi
Swiss commissioners: Bougeois-Doxat, C. Battaglini.

(Parry, 1969-, v124, 382-95)

BW

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