In this story the figure 12 nautical miles is constantly mentioned,
but I think it has to be mentioned too that this is not just 12 nm
from the coast line; it is from the base line, and this base line
could be different (cutting off of bays, river mouths, etc.) Also the
claimed status of archipelagic country plays a role here, too. I
don't know whether there are, anywhere in the world, enclaved bits of
high sea within a single entity of territorial waters (i.e. belonging
to one country), but they seem very unlikely to me. On the other
hand, these things _can_ happen with regards to the 200 nm limit,
with EEZ's. One example is the so-called "peanut hole" in the Sea of
Okhotsk.
And I don't know whether Ceuta and mainland Spain are linked through
Spanish territorial waters, just because they are less than 24 nm
apart. This is the Gibraltar strait, after all, and because it is a
very important strait, there might be other rules applied here.
Perhaps I'm seeing problems where there aren't any. Anyway, free
passing of ships should be assured somehow (which is the case in
terr. waters anyway, as I recall), but perhaps some special status is
given to these important straits. There are definitely such
regulations for the all-Turkish Bosporus and Dardanelles. Does anyone
know anything more on this subject?
Peter S.
--- In BoundaryPoint@y..., michael donner <m@d...> wrote:
> since we now have good reason to expect accurate bengal clave
counts later
> this year from brendan
>
> & since we are not aware of any other outstanding de jure clave
count
> problems anywhere else in the dry world
>
> & since we can postpone consideration of de facto claves &
disputed
> territories generally
> seeing as these are ontologically distinct types or entities
>
> & since we can separate our counts of the landlubbing from the high
seas claves
> just to keep everyone assuaged & engaged
> even if the two types are not ontologically distinct
>
> & since we can also probably sort out the entire maritime world for
> ourselves now
> by simply assuming the global standard of 12nm of territoral seas
everywhere
> even if such a regime is not yet strictly in force absolutely
everywhere
>
> & since we can also ignore or at least postpone consideration of
the so
> called human heritage area &or everyones land
> by temporarily assuming that all whole countries embedded in the
high seas
> & all metro areas & claves of countries embedded in the high seas
are
> actually embedded in some as yet unspecified ontological entity
> a somewhat awkward decision taken nevertheless in the interest of
moving
> forward
>
> & since we can consider the paucity of preliminary comment to be
good news
> both as an index of consensus & a harbinger of ease & simplicity
> while still inviting & expecting additional input from all
> & at any phase of the work in progress whatsoever
>
> it is possible as well as pleasing to proceed now
> in anticipation of the timely arrivals of all the missing data &
necessary
> corrections
>
>
>
> so first of all i would like to adopt the full list of the 192 best
> available consensus countries as provided by grant in message 2270
> & to define these as the full set of sovereign entities
> while allowing for any changes that may occur
> whether due to world events or to our own review
>
>
> lets just say for the time being that either grant atop the list
or the
> empty space at the end of the list stands for the mentioned
unspecified
> entity
> a possible 193rd &or first among coequal members of the
mereotopological
> set embodying full global surface coverage
>
> this happens to coincide with a multinationally recognized
federative territory
> if not yet an actual federative entity like the united nations which
> engendered it
> & it is clearly ontologically distinct from all the 192 other
members of
> the set
> & which it may actually come to subsume in their ongoing
confederation
> just like the federal districts &or federal territories of federal
countries
>
> so the 192 either become federal in relation to it
> or they continue as parts of the same whole yet without any
relation to its
> overwhelmingly greatest part
>
> but such loose ends as these reflect matters of ontology rather than
> mereotopology
> & for now they can be arranged to suit any tastes or beliefs
>
>
>
> the first matter of actual clave typology i think will be to
recognize the
> varieties of ways in which any of these 192 or 193 sovereign
entities
> either manifests itself as sovereign territory anywhere on the
planetary
> surface
> or else has its sovereign territory interrupted by anothers
>
> in other words to simply identify & count all the territorial
patches of &
> all the territorial holes within all these various modalities of
sovereign
> territoriality
>
>
> as for drawing ontological distinctions among the claves themselves
> rather than purely mereotopological ones
> i think that concern is postponable if not a dead issue
> since all sets of territorial & administrative subdivisions comprise
> entities that are distinct & distinguishable from the members of
all other
> ontological sets
>
> even the likeliest of their common characteristics
> specifically their hierarchical subdivisional rank
> is often a very flakey & unsatisfactory index of commonality
>
>
> it should not be necessary to detain ourselves over how these
patches of
> territory are constituted or organized by &or within their
subsuming entity
> but only that they are somehow subsumed by it
>
>
>
> so of de jure exclaves
> including all patches generally
> there appear to be the following 8 or 9 most basic types
>
> 0 metropolitan patches even if not normally considered exclaves
> such as spain with ceuta since they evidently form a single
12nm patch
> or such as the entire maltese archipelago similarly 1 patch
> or even such as san marino not more nor less than a single
patch
> thus including possible subtypologies 0a & 0c & 0l
> to distinguish such archipelagic & coastal &
landlocked subtypes
> but with all assigned a 0 status for equally easy dismissal up
front
> & trotted out here only tentatively & apologetically
> since few people would consider metropatch & exclave as
ontologically
> the same
>
> but anyway to continue with or to begin the actual typology
>
> 1 fully embedded enclave exclaves such as llivia
> 2 doubly embedded such as found only in baarle & bengal
> 3 triply embedded unique to bengal
> 4 boundary crossed peneexclave such as jungholz or the baarle pair
> 5 fully surrounded by land patches such as andorra or nakhichevan
> 6 partly abutted by high seas such as melilla or cabinda or
redonda
> with some typologically negligible distinctions possible
> 7 unabutted except by high seas such as alboran or other islands
with
> 12nm seas
> 8 condominial semiclave such as ile de la conference possibly
>
>
>
> & of de jure enclaves
> there appear to be the following 9 or 10 most basic types
>
> 0 an absence of holes or the presence of an integrity
> again dispensable for anyone who wishes to ignore it
>
> & to continue or begin the real typology of these
>
> 1 embedded country such as san marino
> 2 embedded exclave such as llivia
> including exclaves embedded also in territorial waters
> such as the coastal cypriot enclave in uk sov base
> & possibly campione &or malawi
> 3 doubly embedded exclave baarle & bengal
> 4 triply embedded unique bengal
> 5 boundary crossed peneenclave such as jungholz or the baarle pair
> 6 whole country fully embedded in high seas
> such as malta
> 7 metropatch fully embedded in high seas
> such as antigua & barbuda
> 8 exclave island or group fully embedded in high seas
> such as alboran
> 9 embedded condominial semiclave such as ile de la conference
possibly
>
>
> note
> in case anyone was worried that the recognition of island claves
dilutes
> the meaning of claves beyond recognition
> it is probably worth emphasizing that the great majority of islands
&
> groups will not form separate patches but will simply combine &
blend in
> with continental coastal areas &or other islands within 24nm of them
>
> it is only the most isolated of islands & groups
> representing a minuscule fraction of all islands
> that will fall outside the 24nm margin & produce separate patches
of territory
>
>
>
> of course even assuming the above typology is technically
adequate it
> still fails to consider de facto & disputed cases
> so until we can somehow at some point account for these also
> as for example by including them indiscriminately in terra nullius
> or by carefully elaborating adequate typologies for them all too
> we will necessarily be in denial of such patches as really do exist
in
> places like the spratly islands & turkish cyprus & all the united
nations
> peacekeeping & other administrative areas worldwide
>
> but all such considerations seem eminently deferrable for now at
least
>
>
>
> in any case
> just to test the analysis & start the survey
> & without necessarily vouching for any of the data
> here is a nominally random sample but a fair swipe
>
> 1
> afghanistan is landlocked & unbroken
> hence all in one patch & with no holes
> hence it is typologically only 0exclave 0enclave
> or 0x 0n
>
> 2
> albania is coastal & unbroken
> with no remote islands
> hence all in one patch & with no holes
> 0x 0n
>
> 3
> algeria is coastal & unbroken
> with no remote islands
> 0x 0n
>
> 4
> andorra is landlocked & unbroken
> 0x 0n
>
> 5
> angola is coastal with a coastal exclave & no enclaves
> & no remote islands
> 0x 6x 0n
>
> 6
> antigua & barbuda is archipelagic & comprises 2 patches
> a metropatch enclosing both of these islands
> & a separate redonda island exclave
> 0x 6x 7x 0n 7n
>
> 7
> argentina is coastal & unbroken
> with no remote islands or other patches
> assuming claims to the falklands & antarctica are irrelevant
> hence all in 1 patch & with no holes
> 0x 0n
>
> 8
> armenia is landlocked & has artsvashen exclave enclaved in
azerbaijan
> excluding de facto nagorno karabakh from de jure consideration
> & is host to 2 or 3 azeri exclaves of uncertain status
> depending on whether you believe the cia or rolf
> but preferring to believe rolf
> hence simply 2 patches of which the metro one has 3 holes
> 0x 1x 2n3
>
> 9
> australia is technically archipelagic & appears to comprise 29
patches
> assuming antarctic claims are irrelevant
> counting as follows
> 1 metropatch incl tasmania
> 1 king island
> 1 ashmore & cartier assuming drying reefs intervene
> 1 christmas i
> 1 cocos is
> 1 norfolk i etc
> 1 heard & mcdonald is
> 1 rowley shoals
> 14 coral sea islands & groups
> 7 boigu & saibai & 5 other island group claves within papuan waters
> hence 0x1 1x7 7x21 0n 8n21
>
> 10
> austria is landlocked & unbroken but for jungholz
> 0x 4x 0n
>
> 11
> azerbaijan is coastal & has nakhichevan unembedded exclave
> & 3 other exclaves embedded in armenia
> 0x1 1x3 5x1 2n
>
>
> 12
> bahamas is archipelagic & has 10 patches of which 2 abut cuba
> 0x1 6x2 7x8 0n 7n1 8n7
>
> 13
> bahrain is technically archipelagic & appears unbroken
> following the recent icj decision
> 0x 0n
>
> 14
> bangladesh is coastal with 51 first order & 21 second order exclaves
> & has 111 first order holes with 3 second order & 1 third order hole
> with a possible boundary cross
> all per a recent surmise & subject to change as mentioned
> 0x 1x51 2x21 4x1 2n111 3n3 4n1
>
> 15
> barbados is an island & unbroken
> 0x 7x 0n 6n
>
> 16
> belarus is landlocked was recently said to have a russian exclave
embedded
> in it
> 0x 2n
>
> 17
> belgium is coastal & has 22 exclaves enclaved in holland
> including 1 or 2 with a boundary cross
> & has embedded within it 1 primary & 7 secondary exclaves of holland
> & 5 primary exclaves of germany
> 0x1 1x22 4x1 2n6 3n7
>
>
>
> as good a place as any to pause
> & take a peek at the growing tabulations
> consider possible improvements etc
>
>
> no co 0x 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x 6x 7x 8x 0n 1n 2n 3n 4n 5n 6n 7n 8n 9n
>
> 01 af 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> 02 al 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> 03 dz 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> 04 ad 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> 05 ao 01 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> 06 ag 01 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 00 01 00 000 00 00 00 00 01 00 00
> 07 ar 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> 08 am 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 003 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> 09 au 01 07 00 00 00 00 00 21 00 01 00 000 00 00 00 00 00 21 00
> 10 at 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 01 00 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> 11 az 01 03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 001 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> 12 bs 01 00 00 00 00 00 02 08 00 01 00 000 00 00 00 00 01 07 00
> 13 bh 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> 14 bd 01 51 21 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 111 03 01 00 00 00 00 00
> 15 bb 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 01 00 000 00 00 00 01 00 00 00
> 16 by 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 001 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> 17 be 01 22 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 006 07 00 00 00 00 00 00
>
> totals
> so far 17 84 21 01 02 01 04 31 00 11 00 122 10 01 00 01 02 28 00
>
>
> anyway just a scouting party
> but what does anyone think
> & where to from here
>
> m