Subject: Re: [BoundaryPoint] Short immovable french border<br/>
Date: Aug 25, 2002 @ 11:48<br/>
Author: Peter Smaardijk (Peter Smaardijk &lt;smaardijk@...&gt;)<br/>
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<div id="ygrps-yiv-1720979907">Marcel wrote:<br/>
&quot;(...)There is a reference about an ancient &quot;three empires<br/>
bordermarker&quot;<br/>
on this zone, marked on a IGN french map. Do you know about this<br/>
ancient<br/>
tripoint? Wich empires were concerned? Perhaps France, Spain and <br/>
Germany? The site&#39;s autor wasn&#39;t able to found it.&quot;<br/>
<br/>
I think you&#39;re right. I suspect this is BEFR2HANAAR (secondary<br/>
province/departement abbreviations made up by me for want of the<br/>
official ISO ones - Hainaut, Namur, Ardennes), on the Eau Noire, just<br/>
west of the Cul-des-Sarts - Regniowez border crossing. Hainaut once was<br/>
part of the Spanish, later Austrian Netherlands, and this part of Namur<br/>
was part of the principality-bishopric of Li�ge. Now officially, before<br/>
the Napoleontic era, both were part of the German (=Holy Roman) Empire,<br/>
but so was half of Austria-Hungary. So the empires are France, Germany,<br/>
and Spain (later Austria). (NB: the maps on this site aren&#39;t very<br/>
adequate: at <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://users.swing.be/y.m/frime2.htm">http://users.swing.be/y.m/frime2.htm</a> , the southernmost<br/>
part of the Holy Empire, i.e. the southernmost part of the lands of the<br/>
prince-bishop of Li�ge, runs a bit further to the south. See for<br/>
instance <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.terra.es/personal7/jqvaraderey/155648lc.gif">http://www.terra.es/personal7/jqvaraderey/155648lc.gif</a> .)<br/>
<br/>
Interesting also is the hamlet Les Diff�rends near Cul-des-Sarts. There<br/>
are more of these roads along BEFR: the old Roman road Brunehaut is a<br/>
border for some kilometres north of Maubeuge, and also east of Bavay<br/>
(Bavacum in Roman times) there is a Roman road partly used as a border<br/>
near the very interesting village of La Flamengrie (nice old Austrian<br/>
border stones here). I visited this village about a year ago; the<br/>
border makes some very strange bends around it.<br/>
<br/>
Peter S.<br/>
<br/>
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