The terms in English are "mean high (or low) water springs", or MHWS
Property rights end at mean high water springs, so even if someone owns a
beach, you can still walk along the sand below mean high water springs.
In NZ there is a Queen's Chain, whereby the Crown is meant to own a chain
(22 yards, c.20m) above mhws, as a public reseve. It also applied to all
lakes and all streams and rivers wider than 2 or 3m. This was done to
prevent the rich preventing access to the sea, rivers and lakes, as they had
in the UK.
Unfortunately it been severely compromised over the years...
BW
>From: "Harry ten Veen" <pa8km@...>
>Reply-To: BoundaryPoint@yahoogroups.com
>To: <BoundaryPoint@yahoogroups.com>
>Subject: Re: [BoundaryPoint] Re: Dutch provincial North sea
>Date: Mon, 17 Dec 2001 22:12:46 +0100
>
>Some notes on LLWS, don't waste your time reading this!
>
>
>This is the exact definition of LLWS:
>
>LLWS LaagLaagWaterSpring dient als basis voor reductievlakken van
>zeekaarten. Het LLWS 1985.0 is het gemiddelde over 1980 --- 1984 van het
>laagst opgetreden springlaagwater van elke maand. Per springtij gelden twee
>laagwaters als springlaagwater.
>Source: Getijtafels voor Nederland, 1999, Rijksinstituut voor Kust en Zee,
>'s Gravenhage.
>
>My translation:
>LLWS 1985.0 is the basis for sea-maps; in Dutch called "reductievlak".
>LLWS 1985.0 is the average of the lowest spring-low-tide of each month over
>the period 1980 -1984. Each springtide has two low-tides that count as
>spring-low-tide.
>
>
>LLWS is used as basis for sea-maps, because somebody on a ship needs to
>know
>where water is deep enough, even at LLWS. Even though only twice per
>lunar-month there is a spring-tide.
>On these maps depth in meters are given compared to the reductievlak.
>
>If one wants to walk over the dry seabed, to say .... Neuwerk, such a map
>is
>not accurate enough because it does not show the details of the seafloor
>between the LLWS (reductievlak) and the mean sea-level.
>It is better to know the depth in meters compared to the Dutch NAP (Nieuw
>Amsterdams Peil) which is mean sealavel.
>
>One example to compare the both:
>Lauwersoog (Waddenzee, northern part of NL). LLWS 1985.0 = NAP -170.
>So a channel in the (dry) floor of the sea could be 1 mtr (- 100 cm) deep,
>that means at low tide easy to pass.
>On the sea-map the depth could be given as + 70, which is 70 cm higher then
>the "reductievlak"; but such accuracy is not on these maps; because
>everything "dryer" than LLWS is not interesting for ships.
>
>
>In Germany for sea-maps KN (Kart Null) is used. I think it is the same as
>the Dutch LLWS.
>KN is lower than MNW Mittleres Niedrigwasser (mean low-tide).
>B.t.w. MNW for Cuxhaven/Neuwerk is not given, because the seafloor is so
>"high"; both compared to KN and also compared to NN (Normal Null = mean
>sealevel, like NAP). So walking to Neuwerk is very save! (at low tide off
>course).
>Source: Gezeitenkalender 1998, Bundesamt f�r Seeschifffahrt und
>hydrographie.
>
>gl
>Harry ten Veen
>
>
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