Thanks to Henry, Wolfgang and Lowell I can report few answers to my questions on the northernmost points and southernmost points of each Continent. There is confusion about some definitions, so it is better to write more than one name, giving some comments.

The first doubt is: Greenland is in Europe, as I always suppose or can be considered also in America? Question: I suppose there is a clear answer, but when and who decided? Funny question indeed.

BTW No answers were received on Asia/Oceania/Africa, but it would be nice to conduct research into.

ABOUT EUROPE:

I supposed it was easy, but it is not, or better I found different answers:

- Hammerfest (Norway 70°40' N. Long.: 23°40' E), which is known by tourist agencies, it is town in Norway, and it is not on a island.

- There is also a place "Nordkapp at (71°10N)."

- But in the Svalbard/Spitzbergen islands there is the town Longyearbyen (78° 12', North. Longitude:, 15° 40', East)

- and also Ny-Ålesund Nord Kapp, Spitzbergen, Norway (78°55N).

- But the northernmost point of land in the world is a small island along the northern
coast of Greenland called Kaffeklubben Ø (considering Greenland in Europe).

Now about AMERICAS:

What is the northernmost year round settlement?

- Alert, 82°30'20" N, 62°21'00" W which is defined as "world's most northerly weather station - next to the Pole-"

- The northernmost point of land in the world is a small island along the northern
coast of Greenland called Kaffeklubben Ø (considering Greenland in America)

Lowell wrote "I will provide my proposed answers for the Americas":

1. Nuwuk, Alaska, USA (on Point Barrow about 9 mi. NE of Barrow) as permanent inhabited village excluding islands

2. Alert, Nunavut, Canada as permanent inhabited village including islands

3. Point Barrow, Alaska, USA as piece of land excluding islands

4. Kaffeklubben Ø, Greenland (if you consider Greenland to be in the Americas) including islands

South America (excluding Antarctica):

5. Ea San Juan, Chile (50 km S of Punta Arenas) as permanent inhabited village excluding islands

6. Puerto Toro, Chile (30 km ESE of Puerto Williams) as permanent inhabited village including islands

7. Cabo Froward, Chile as piece of land excluding islands

8. Islas Diego Ramírez, Chile (There is a Chilean naval meteorological station, but it's probably not large enough to be a settlement. Photo at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Diego_Ramirez_station.jpg .) as piece of land including islands

There's an excellent map of extremely southern Chile at http://www.turistel.cl/mapas_ruteros/rut_k_1.htm .

Some checks must be done, here some Henry comments:

"What is the southernmost year round settlement not on the continent
of Antarctica? or What is the southernmost year round civilian settlement?

The standard answer to the latter is Puerto Williams, Chile on
Navarino Island south of the Beagle Channel. But looking at maps, I
see bunch of names south of there. Puerto Toro is one of them and a
few websites have this as the southern most settlement."

Well, this is the best at the moment, but I understand that we must write latitude and longitude of each proposed place, to easily compare data and that more researches must be done.

This nice web site help us to find easily the latitude and longitude of 2 millions of towns and villages:

http://www.heavens-above.com/countries.asp

At last I apologize for my bad English and about the facts that my queries could be too "trivial" for some members of our group.

Best regards Fabio.